Electric-motor-controlling apparatus.



H. W. LEONARD.

ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROLLING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23, 1905. RENEWED FEB. 20. 1907.

Patented Dec. 1910.

5 sums-sums: 1.

H. W. LEONARD.

ELECTRIC MOTOR GONTRDLLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED mmzs, 1905. RENEWED FEB. 20, 1907.

978,173. Patented De0.13,1 910.

5 B HEETSSKBET 2.

H. W. LEONARD. ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROLLING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23, 1905. RENEWED FEB. 20. 1907.

Patented Dec. 13,1910.

# :Qnuemioz Witmwoeo H. W. LEONARD.

BLBCTRIG MOTOR CONTROLLING- APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED IA N.23, 1905. RENEWED FEB. 20. 1907.

978,173. I Patented De0.13,1910.

5 sHEETs-gHEnT 4 ffzd. 12

' 1L w. LEONARD. I ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROLLING APPARATUS. AIIE'L IOATIOH FILED {ALIS} 1905. RENEWED FEB. 20. 1907. 978,173

Patented Deb. 13,1910.

'5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Qv-Wmeooeo M 3m we 11 For crane.

desirable amount.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY WARD LIIOfiARD, or nigonxmLLn. NEW YORK.

nLnornic-ivroron-con'rnonmns ArrARA'rus.

Patented n. 13, 1910.

Application filed January 23, 1905, Serial 110.2 42303. Benewed February 20, 19,07. Serial No. 358,417.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, TIARRY WARD LEON- ARI), a citizen of the United States, residing at Bronxvilleniii the county of Vestchester and State ofNew York, have invented cer-" tain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Motor-Controlling Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification. j

This invention relates to electric motors, and particularly to the provisionof means which will insure the proper operation of controlling devices therefor.

By my invention I provide controlling means for each element of the motor and the controlling means of one elementare func tionally related to those of the other so that they are necessarily operated in a proper manner. I therefore protect the motor and other portions of its circuit from the objectionable or injurious effects due to improperly starting up or operating a motor when the strength of its field is less than a I also provide suitable protective devices which will res 0nd to protect the -motor under abnormal conditions, all of which cooperate to secure free .dom to the motor from any harmful effects.

In another pending application, I have shown various means-for carrying out the essential ob ect of this .iIlVBI1t10I1, .Wl11ChfiI6 'based upon a functional mechanical relation between the motor starter .and field rheostat. In the .present case the functional relation between the motor starter and field- Referring to Figxl, -the supply terminals of a constant electromotive-force circuit are indicated at 1', 2, the motor armature at 3,

- strength is indicated at 6.

main circuit from 1 to contact 1i).

The starting rheostatis in this instance provided with two arms 7 .8 pressed toward each other by a spring 9. The arm 8 serves as a main overload switch and normally engages a fixed contact 10, being retained in position by a catch 11. The latter is adapted to be thrown by the upward movement of core 12 when an abnormal current flpws through its coil 13. The coil 13 is connected in the The arm 7 is shown in .the off position and in this position closes the switch or arm 8 as, for example, by engagement of an abutment let. A no-voltage or low voltage magnet 15 is provided for holding .the arm 7 when all. starting resistance, is out out. The controlling arm 16 of the field rheostat is not spring pressed, but there is provided an arm 17 and spring 18, which spring tends to force arm 17 against the arm 16 and throw the latter to such a position that all field resistance is cut out. A retaining magnet 19 is provided for the arm 17 and its coil is connected in series with coil 15 and a resistance 20 across the line.

When the current supply is interrupted,

or a very low voltage occurs, the magnets 15 and 19 are deenergized, or their strength reduced, the arm T'returning to the off position by pressure of spring 9 and the arm 17 is :forced against the arm 16, returning it to such a position that all the field resistance is cut out as shown. Hence .upon starting, the field will always have its full strength, and the objectionable effects of starting under a weak field are avoided. In starting, the arm 7 is moved to the first contact ofthe starting resistance and the circuit through the armature and resistance 5 from the supply mainsis completed. The motor field is then fully excited, current passing from 1, through the overload coil 13, arms 8 and 7, conductor 21, field 4, arm 16 to. terminal 2. Current also passes independently across the line through coil 15, resistance 20, and coil 19. As arm 7 is moved, the starting resistance is cut out and when the arm reaches itsfinal position, it will be held by sition. This'gwill connect the field directly across the line and the magnet ('OllS 15 and 19 will likewise be connected directly across the line. When it is desired to .iweakcn the field of the motor, the arm 17 is moved to engage the retaining magnet 19. The field rheostat arm is then tree to be moved to vary the field resistance and therefore thespeed of the motor. 1 an abnormally large current or overload is taken by the motor, the core 12 will be raised and knock the latch 1 1 to release arm 8, breaking the main circuit at the contact 10. This will denergize the magnets 15 and 19, and cause the field rheostatarm 16 to be forced to its initial posit on cutting out the field resistance and insuring a full field strength upon starting. Before again starting, it is necessary to move the switch 8 to its closed position by-means of arm 7 thus insuring the closing of switch 8 before the circuit is closed by the starting arm 7. a 4

In Fig. 2 a construction is disclosed which is in general similar to that of Fig. 1. The controlling arm 24 of the field rheostat is spring pressed however, as by spring 25. The arm has a toothed sector 26, the teeth of which are engaged by a pivoted lever 27, the action of gravity tending to keep the lever and teeth in contact. The retaining magnet 19, when energized tends to force one end.

of lever 27 into engagement with the teeth and with a sutficient amount of force to overcome the pressure of the-spring thus holding the arm in any position desired. \Vhen, however, the magnet is de'elnergized, the spring 25 will return the arm to the position shown, the teeth slipping by the end of lever 27. The field resistance is thus cut out and starting under full field strength is insured. After starting, the arm 24: may be operated manually, overcoming the spring pressure and the force of holding lever '27.

Fig. 3 shows a construction in which a similar starting rheost'at and overload device may be used. In this case the field rheostat 28 is controlled by an arm 29 which is freely movable. A coil 30 is connected across the terminals of the armature 3 and its core carries a switch adapted to close connection between the two -contacts 3-1 and in doing so, short circuitsfany' of the field-resistance 28 which may happen to be cut in. \l'hen sufiicientcurrent passes in coil; 30, the core willbe raised and such portion of resistance 28 will be cut in the field circuit as 'is determinedby the position of arm 29.

\Vhen the motor is started, the core of .coil

30 will connect the terminals 31 giving the field its full strength. As the motor speeds up.;its counter electromotive force increases and when it reaches a predetermined amount, the coil 30 will raise .its core and then ermit 'any desired variation in the eld strength. In case too much resistance is inserted at the time the short circuit'is -rcmoved, an abnormal armature'current flows and o ens the overload circuit breaker. This woul indicateto the operator that the ex-' 'main circuit.

.cessiveresistance in the field circuit must be removed before starting again.

In Fig. 4 another modification is shown. The mains from the supply terminals 1, 2 pass to the double pole circuit breaker 39, one line including the overload coil 33. The core of the latter trips the latches indicated at 34'upon its upward movement, due to overload, whereupon the spring pressed switches are forced outward and open the The arm 35 of the starting rheostat is spring pressed, tending to return it to the starting position. This arm does not open the circuit at the rheostat, but at its initial position strikes the rod 36 which will open the circuit breaker 32 by raising the core of coil 33by means of the lever 37 and rod 38. The rod 36 is normally forced into the path of arm 35 either by a spring as 39 or through gravity. The arm 35 is held in its final position by a'latch 40. This may be tripped by the fall of a core ell which is held up during operation by its coil which shown in series with the field l. This coil therefore acts as a no-voltage release.

In order to prevent improper starting, I provide a locking device for the arm 35. This is shown as a solenoid 42, the plunger of which carries a catch 43 having one of its faces inclined. The coil of the solenoid may'have a resistance in series with it and is connected between the arm 29 of the field 'rheostat 2S and the initial contact of the rheostat. The excitation of coil 42 will, conbe released by the action of core 41 and its spring will force the arm to its initial position and the blow on rod 36 will open the circuit breaker as above explained. There is sutticient lost motion of the parts so thatthe core of coil 33 is not raised byrod when the arm is at rest in its initial position on the first contact. If, upon again starting, an excessive resistance is in the.

field, the closing of the main circuit will cause the catch 43 to be raised and prevent thearm 35 from cutting out the armature resistance until the operator has first cut out the, field resistance when the catch 43 will fall. This figure shows-running conditions and with all the field resistance cut in.

In Fig. 5 a construction is indicated in which the starting rheo'st-at and overload and nO-i' QItage devices are simil'ar'to those shown in F' 's. 1 and The ccntrollin arm 44: switch inthe main circuit com risin 'two D g P z:

of the field rheostat .is however, PIOVI witha toothed rack engaged by a worm on-the shaft-ofasmall motor i6. This motor is connected by wires 47 to the outside contacts of the armature resistance 5, 01

desired to intermediate contacts thereon.

ded pivoted arms 52, 5.3

. The =motor-46 is. therefore subjected to the -A latch 55 will hold the arm 52 in engagement with its contact and is adapted to be tripped by the upward movement of the 75 tion-so as to. cut out any-field resistance p lunger WVhen current flows in either which may happenfito be uncirqiit. When coil-57-or 58 the plunger will not be raised,

1 ward be varied vide cient to'raisethe plunger, but when thecurcircuit is' cl rent passing in one is aid the arm '7 "is moved to the first conta'ct in but when the current'flows 1n both of the.

starting, --the motor 46 *is'subjected to the coils they act accumulatively and raise the drop occurrin between the; terminals wires 47and" e motor 46 will be driven wto move the'field'rheosta't arm'to thepo t-ion shown giving the field its full strengt I The-resistance'5 will-thereafter be output 'volts-droppedon the field resistance. He nce -20 of plunger to trip latch 55, permitting thearm 30 so 52% 'beopened. The coil 57 is connected si-' across the armature resistance 5 and the coil h. 58 is connected-sacs. to besubjected to the only under condition of a full field.- When upon starting, this switch will be opened-un- 35 all of the armatureresistanceis-cut out, the less the'field resistance-is cut out and it will motor 46 will have no" further tendency turn. The strengthof-the field imafaftercontact before the motor can bespeeded up;

y manually cutting *in'or. out POIlZlOIlSOf the res1stance=6, as by turnto 'be'necessary'to move the arm'29' to the initial In Fig. 8 l 'have-shownthe starting rheostat as provided with a spring pressed arm 9c in}: the handle 48 on the shaft of motor 46. 59 udapted=to-be held in 1ts=fina1 position by In Fig. 6 the starting rheostat is similar the no'voltage-magnet 15. In the main cirto that of Fig.3 and the field'resistance 28 cuit-is inserted'jthe switch 'having the two is controlled by the freely mova'ble-arm29. pivoted arms-:52, -53 ipressed. toward each The (plun in t is case with an additional core r 12 of the overload device is' proother-by the sprlng 54and-having the latch '49 55 as -;explained.--with-reference to Fig. 7

on which two coils, 50.-and'51, tend to act. The plunger=56 is. provided with a C011; 58

Coil 50 is connected around the resistance connected asi the field rheostat i 5, or if desired may includeonly a portion andtlie coil fid-is connected in' the main.cir-

thereof. Coil 51 is connected from the mi-.- cuit between the rsistanee5 andthe' contact 9 tial contact of the field resistance to the arm "61. The-coil 60 will' therefore not as an 29. Coil 50 will therefm-a, betubjected to the overload. coil and tr1p;the latch 55 upon the drop in volts which occurs upon the starting occurrence of anvabnormal current. When resistance and coil 51 to that which occurs startin the arm 52 1s made to engage conupon the 'field resistance. When current tact 61 'y means of arm 53 and then arm 53' fliis moved age 'its'contact, ,The main passes in only one of these coils, it is insu passing in the other, the plunger will =e s ed yEmoving-thearm59to the by a current initial contact and Han undesirable amount beof resistance 1S mthe'field-circuit, the curraised and trip the latch 11, which will cause rent which-will-flow in coil-58 'willact with the main circuit to be opened. ing the mam circuit in starting by-means arm 7, any. appreciable amount of field resistance is cut in, the current in the two .coils be cut. With this arrangement it is impos- If upon closthe current in coil 60 to raise the plunger of and open the main circuit. Before again attempting to start, the field resistance must 50 and 51 will co-act to raise the plunger sible to take under runmng conditions, as and the arm. 8 will be thrown to open the large a current when the field 1s.'w eak as circuit.

will move arm 29 to cut out the field .resi v 0 p ance and the motor will then be started 'unsparking which is likely to occur' when a ing the field resistance will not'then trip the latch 11, although acurrent will flow in coil 51, since 't.here, will then be no currentin coil 50. a I n -F ig.---7 Iraise-illustrate a-"startingrhed nected inithe .main circuit and the coil 65 wtlandjoverload device of the formshown: to-the initial contact .of-the field rheostat Before starting again, the operator may'be ta'ken when the field is strong. .Thls

stis desirable onaccount of'the objectionable der full field strength. After the starting lar eload is carried on'a weak. field. I

to n Fig. 9 I show a double pole-circuit. to breaker and the spring pressed arm-.59 of Increas; the starting rheostat has no open :posit-ion.

The plunger ofv the'circuit breaker-is provided with two. cores 62, '63, preferably 12:) rigidly connected. The core 62 is provided with two coils, 64, 65, the;co ili64 being con tiveiy to raise the core62. The coil 66 acts to raise the core (33 and is connected across the line through a resistance 67 and aswitch ('18. The blade of the latter is carried by a pivoted lever 69 which isengaged by an extension 7 O on the arm-59. When the-arm 59 is moved from its initial position t opens the switch 68 against the pressure of a vsition for an unusual time.

spring 71. When the switch 68 is closed,

the current passing in coil 66 will be suifis cient to raise the plunger and open the 'bircuit breaker. This coil will therefore pro tcct the armature resistance and other parts of the circuit against damage whichmlght result from leaving arm 59 in the 1n1t1al pomight ariseupon failure of current for a brrefmterval; caus ng the arm to return to its-initial position'and then subjecting the \Vhen .aii' abnormal current passes in coil 64. the circuit breaker will be opened in the usual manner. If in"starting,. there is re sistance in' the field, the current incoil 65" will cooperate with that in 64 and'open the circuit breaker and necessitate cutt ng out the field resistance. In" this arrangement, as"

in Fig. 8, a less overload current rs-perinis sible when the field is weak-thanwhenuthe position and the'arm 59' should then be moved slightly until the switch 68 isopened;

then while holding the arm 59','the'two arms of the double pole circuit breaker-should be closed successively. v -f In Fig. 10 I provide the starting rheostathaving'the two s rin arms 7, 8,

' with the latch 11 or t e arm -8 and the novoltagemagnet 15 for arm 7. "Anbverloaddouble'pole circuit breaker 32 'is connected in the main circuit. -In this case the plunger 12 for tripping-the latch 11, is provided with two coils 72, 73 which act accumul'ative ly The coil 72 is connected in series with the'.

starting resistance 5 betweenthe lasttwo I contacts in place of a resistance step. .The coil 73 is connectedx'in series with l the field resistance 28 and between the firsttwo contacts infplac'e ofa' resist a'nce step. Thestarting current passing through 0011' 72 is not suflicient to raise the plunger 12 but when assisted :by the field currentwill be raised and the arm 8 -released.- In start ng.

' the arm 7 is moved to oifposition shown-in the drawing, closing'arm 8 and the two sides I of the circuit'breaker 32 are then closed suc cess'pvclyr The-arm 7 .is then moved tothe'.

first contactof-tlie starting resistance. If

any resistance is in the -fi'e1d. circuit,*the' latch 11 will be tripped, since the plunger This condition "12-is acted upon both the field and the inoved to the final contact after properly starting, the coil 72 will be cut out ofcirc-uit and the field rhcostat may be varied as desired. the current in coil 73 alone not being 4 n sufficient to raise the plunger. The on 'b'i'eaker 32- may be set to higher ainpcresthan thecoil 72, permitting large motors to be started'on friction or light loads by means of a small starter and the-motor may after-' wardbe heavily loaded and varied in speed by means of the field rhcostat. This arrangement will be desirable for very large motors which receive heavy overloads after being started.

In Fig. 11, I have shown a starting-rhea stat and overload device of the formshown in Fig. '1. An arm 16 is freely movable over the field re'sistance G and is adapted to engagean'a'butment 7 4 on arm 75 to force the same against the pressure of spring 7 (3 to engage the'nowoltage or low voltage magnet- 19; The latter is connected in series with the Inc-voltage magnet- 15 and-resistance 20. across the line asin Fig. 1-. Upon the occurrence of a. low voltage, the spring 76 will throw the arm 75' against a stop 77 In this position" the arm 7 5 engages a contact 78 in of"the. field resistance, and" forms a direct path" for the' field current from the field coil through arm 75 to terminal 2. Any field rcsistance cut in by'arm' 16 will'therefore be shortcircuited by arm 75 and starting under a; full field is therefore insured. After start ing, the arm 16'may be moved to remove the short circuiting arm 75 and force the same against thenagnetl9, where it will be held and-arm 16 may then be moved to vary the resistance in the field circuit.

I In Fig. 12 the magnet 19 will hold oneend of the pivoted lever 79 against the pressure -of "spring 80 under running conditions; Whenreleased by the magnet, the lever will engage a contact 81 -which is in; electrical field-resistance. The lever is in electrical connection with the terminal 2. The engagement of the lever with contact 81. will therefore short circuit the field resistance, the'rc-bcingla direct connection from the. field coil to contact 8.1., through lever 7 9 to terminal2. 'Starting will therefore necessarily.- occur under fullfield strength. After starting, the arm 82 must be moved to the initial contact and by means of the extension B3, throw thclever 7 out of engagcuzcnt with strength may then be changed as desiredi.

can be started. When the starting arm 7 is connection with theinitial contact of the electrical-ctinneCtion with'the initialcontact ioo " contact 81 and intoposition to be retained by magnet 19. This will removethe short clrcuit of the resistance 6 "and; the, field:-

use a plain switch.

the element 85 and with the initial contact of the starting resistance and contact 23. A pivoted lever 87 is in electrical connection with the same contacts as Well as conductor 86 and in one position is adapted to engage a fixed contact 88, which contact is connected ,to a point between the field resistance and field coil. Arm 7 is provided with an'abutment or projection 89 and when the arm 7 returns under pressure of spring 9 to ofi position it willengage the lever 87 and force it to engage contact 88. Hence upon starting, any field resistance in the circuit will be short circuited by the path through lever 87 and contact 88 to the field coil, giving the field its full strength. In order to remove the short circuit after starting, it will be necessary to move the element 85 to cut out all field resistance and to engage lever 87 so as to cause it to break connectionwith contact 88. The element 85 may then be moved to cut in the field resistance and vary the field strength as desired.

Many other modifications of my invention.

may be developed and various changes in the connections may be madeand accomplish substantially the same results.

It will be understood that instead of using a starting rheostat cont-act switch, I may, in some cases, omit the starting resistance and I may sometimes use a controlling armature resistance for varying the speed, in which case the arm of the rheostat would be freely movable and remain in any position placed.

t is not necessary in those cases where I provide a coil which is subjected to the drop in volts on the field rheostat, as in Figs. 4, 6, 7 8', and 9, to connect one end of the coilto the controlling arm of the rheostat as shown, as the same result will be obtained by connecting to the final contact of thej rheostat or to some "intermediate contact.

Also, although I have indicated resistances.

' dropped in them.

As my invention is susceptible of a variety of embodiments, all within the scope and spirit'thereof, I do not wish or intend to limit the same to the specific constructions herein described, or otherwise than as expressedfirithe following claims. a

Ila vi n'gi thus described my invention, I ,de

.sistances being (permanently connected in a clare'that what I entities-new and desire to s'ecure byLetters Pttent,"is,-

'1. The combination of a motor having a" field winding energized by a current IIIClQ- W pendently of it's armature current and permanently connected in a closed circuit con.-

tainingthe armature, armature controlling means, independent means for controlling the current in said. field winding, and electri'cal means functionally relating the said two controlling means for insuring proper sequence of operation of said two means. 2. The combination of aurheostat for controlling the armature circuit of a motor, a rheost-at for controlling the field of the motor, and electro-responsive means for pro-. tecting the motor against improper operation under a condition of weakened field, said means 'beinga'ffected tinder certain con- 'ditions-by the armature controlling rheostat.

3. The combination of a "rheostat for controlling the armature circuit of a motor, means for controlling the field strength, and eleetroresponsive means for insur'ng the starting up of the motor under a condition of proper field strength and for protecting 90 the motor from overload current.

L. The combination of means for control.- ling the armature circuit of a motor, means for controlling the field strength of the motor, and means comprising an electro-re- '95- s ponsive device for functionally relating the said two controlling means for insuring proper sequence of operation of said arma-' ture and field controlling means.

5. The combination of a starting resistance for an electric motor, said starting resist ance having a movableelement for varying the resistance, a resistance-for controlling the field strength of the motor, said latter resistance having a movable element for varying the resistance, and. independently movable electrical means for insuring that the field resistance will be in a proper condition as regards'amount of efiectiver'esistance when the motor is started.

6. The combination of a shunt wound motor, a starting armature resistance, a variable field resistance, the shunt field winding the motor. armature winding and said relocal circuit, an electroresponsive means for preventing a weakened field condition when the motor is started. 7. The combinationbra switch for starting-a motor, means for varying the field strength of the motor, and eleetroresponsive means for preventing a'weakened field condition when the motor is started, said electroresponsive means being, connected in a local circuit with the motor armature independently of said switch.

8. The combination of an' electric motor, a permanently closedlocal loop containing in series the motor armature and the resistance theretoriand the motor field winding and the resistance therefor, and electrically controlled means for automatically disconnecting said loop from the source of supply upon the occurrence of overload current through the motor armature and for insuring that the field resistance shall be in a proper condition as re ards amount of effective resistance before starting the motor after the occurrence of such overload current.

9. The combination of a motor starting. rheostat, a motor field rheostat and electro-" responsive means for functionally relating the operation of said rheostats for insuring a field of proper strength when the motor is started.

10. The combination of means for controlling the energy supplied to one element of a motor. independently movable means for controlling the energy supplied to the other element of the motor, and electro-responsive means comprising a winding connected across the motor armature terminals for controlling the relative condition of the saic controlling means.

11'. An electric energy translating device having two elemental windings, independently movable means for var ing the energy in the two windings, no-vo tage protective. means, and electro-responsive means for affecting the controlling means of one winding when the other controlling means is in a certain position.

12. The combination of a field rheostat ha ving an adjustable element movable manually in both directions for 'arying the speed of a motor upon a constant elcctromotive force supply circuit, and electrically controlled means directly responsive to the variations in clectromotive force at the motor armature terminals for preventing a condition of weakened field when the motor is started.

131 The combination with a motor, of a resistance for weakening the field strength of'the motor for the purpose of increai iug its speed, motor starting means, and novoltage responsive means for cutting out said resistance independently of the movement of the motor starting means.

It. The combination with a motor having a shunt. field winding. ot a rheostat for said field winding, a starting rheostat, means =ilending to move the contact arm of said starting rheostat toward the initial position, means for'holding said arm and which is responsive to release said arm when the supply voltage falls below a certain'amount, and electrically controlled means for cutting out the resistance of said field rheostat upon the occurrence of novoltage, said latter T means being movable independently of the movement of said starting rheostat.

15. The combination of a motor starting switch, a motor field rheost-at, and electrical means for insuring the proper field strength for the motor when it is started, said means being responsive to novoltage independently of the opening movement of said switch.

16. The combQ-nation of a motor starting switch, a motor field rheostat,.aiu;l electrical means mechanically independent of said rheostat and directly responsive to the varia tions in electromotive force at the motor armature terminals for cutting out the field resistance while the motor is being started.

17. The combination with an electric motor, of an armature rheostat, means for varying the field strength, a novoltage protective device, ail-overload protective device, said devices being so related as to insure that the armature rheostat shall be in a protective through the motor armature, and means con1- prising an electric contact device for insuring a proper field strength when the starting current is passed through the motor armature.

18. The combination of two windings, means for controlling the energy in one oi said windings, means for controlling the enorgy in the other of said windings. and an electroresponsive device controlling one of said means and dependent upon the other ol said controlling means and connected across thc'terminals of one of said windings, said means being functionally electrically pro tectively related but mechanically independent.

19. The combination of an electric motor. armature controlling means therefor, field controlling means therefor, a novoltage device and' eleetro-responsive means protectively relating the said controlling means. to insure that the field controlling): means will be in'proper condition as regards amount of 20. The combination of an electric inotor. an armature controlling rhe'ostat. a field convoltage device for controlling the field rheostat, the said armature rheostat controlling the said two lie-voltage devices. I

21. The combination of an electric motor, an armature controlling rheostat, a field con-' trolling rheostat, a no-voltage device for controlling the armature rheostat. a no-voltage device for controlling the field rheostat. -tlresaid armature rheostat controlling the said two no-voltage devices, and an over-1on protective winding controlling the said no voltage device which controls the field rheostat. p

22. The combination of an electric motor, an armature controlling rheostat, a field controlling rheostat, a no-voltagedevice for controlling the armature rheostat, a no-voltage device-for controlling the field rheostat. the said armature rheostat controlling the position when the starting current is passed etiective resistance when the motor started.-

trolling. rheostat, a no-voltage device forcontrolling the armature rhcostat. and a no-.

said two no-voltage devices, and overload electro responsivc means which acts independently and which controls the said novoltage devices.

23. The combinationof an electric motor,

two protectively related automatically movable elements in series with, each other and with the armature of said motor, one of said elements being: automatically responsive to overload current and the other automatically responsive to no-voltage, and means for controlling the field of the motor, said means being: controlled by at least one of said elements.

24. The combination of an electric motor, two automatically movable elements in series with each other and with the armature, of said motor, one of said elements being automatically responsive to overload current and the other automatically responsive to no-voltage, and means for controlling the field ot' the motor, said means being controlled by each of said elements. I

25. 'The combination of an electric motor, a mo able element for controlling the armature circuit, a movable element for controlling the field circuit, a no-voltage device the current through which is controlled by said element controlling the armature circuit, and electro-responsive means for co-relating said two movable elements.

26. The combination of two independently movable manually operated" resistance controlling elements, two electro-mag'netic windings respectively controlled by said elements,

and electrical means aiiected by the position iji' one of said elements for insuring that the resistance. controlled by one element shall be in a. certain condition when the other element is moved to reduce its resistance.

27; The combination of an electric motor having a field winding excited indep'end ently of its-armature current, a motor start-- ing rheostat in series with the armature winding: of the mbtor, a resistance'in series with said field winding. the movable element of said starting rheostat serving to control the circuit of the motor field winding, a novoltage device for controlling the movable element of the said starting rheostat, and electrical means for insuring that. the resistance in series with said field winding will be reduced to a proper amount when the motor is started.

28. The combination of an electric motor having a field winding excited independ ently of its armature current, a motor starting rheostat in series with the armature winding of the motor, a resistance in series with said field winding, the movable element in series with said fieldwinding' will be re duced to a proper HI'HOUHFWI'IQH the motor is started, and an automatic overload circuit breaker which controls the entire current required for the motor armature and field winding and for the no-voltage device.

29. The combination of an electric motor having a field .vindin'gexcited independently of its armature current, a motor starting rheostat in series with the armature windingof the motor, a resistance in series with said field winding, the movable element of said starting rheostat serving to control the circuit of the motor field winding, a no-voltage device for controlling the movable elementof said starting rheostat, electrical means forinsuring that the resistance in series with said field winding will be rednced'to a proper amount when the motor isstarted. and. an automatic overload circuit breaker which controls the entire current required for the motor armature andfield winding and for the no-voltage device, said circuit breaker and motor starting rheostat being protectively related.

30. The combination of a motor armature rheostat having a movable arms, a spring for actuating said arm, a rheostat for controlling the field circuit of the motor. said field rheostathaving movable element, means whereby the latter element may be adjusted to and remain in any desired position, and electric means connected across the motor armature for insuring a proper field strength for the motor when it is started.

31. The combination of an electric motor. a permanently closed local loop containing in series the motor armature and resistance therefor and the motor field winding and resistance therefor, and electrically con trolled means for automatically disconnecting said loop from the source of supply upon the occurrence of overload and for insuring that the field resistance shall be in a proper condition before starting the motor after the occurrence of said overload.

32. The combination oi an electric motor, an armature controlling resistance having a movable element. a field resistance, and electro-responsive means energized independently of the current in the motor armature,

or field windings tor controlling the field strength of the motor when the starting current is passed through the motor armature.

33. The combination with an electric motor, of an armature protective movable element, means for causing said element to move to a protective position upon the occurrence of overload, and automatic electrically controlled means for insuring a proper field strength for the motor when the starting current is passed through. the motor armature.

rheostat, said rheostat having a movable,

element, a field rheostat, a no-voltage device controlling the movable element of said armature rheostat, and electrical means the circuit of which is controlled by said armature rheostat for automatically reducing the resistance in the field rheostat upon the occurrence of no-voltage.

35. The combination or" an electric motor,

automatic electrically controlled means for a spring actuated resistance controlling switch in series with the armature, means for normally restraining said switch and which automatically releases said switclpupon the occurrence of no-voltage, a resistance in series with the field winding of the motor, and electro-responsive means protectively (oi-elated to said switch -for automatically reducing the resistance in series with said field winding upon the occurrence of novoltage.

30. The combination of an electric motor, a movable element controlling the armature circuit, means tending to move said element to an armature protective position, restraining means for said element which releases the same upon the occurrence of no-voltage, a field controlling resistance, electro-responsire means for automatically reducing'said re stance upon the occurrence of no-voltage, the no-voltage responsive means being independent of the current through the'motor armature or field winding and controlled by said controlling element.

37. The combination of an electric motor, an armature resistance, a field resistance, and means comprising two magnetic windings automatically responsive to no-voltage for inserting said armature resistance in series with the motor armature and for applying a short circuit to the said field resistance. v

The combination of an electric motor,

a field controlling resistance, and means automatically responsive to overload current through the armature for opening the arn'iature circuit and for short circuiting resistance m series with the field winding of the motor.

59. The combination of an electric motor, a permanently closed local loop containing in series the motor armature and resistance therefor and the motor field winding and resistance therefor, and means for automatically disconnecting said loop from the source of supply and forshort circuiting the field resistance upon the occurrence of no-voltage.

40. The combination of an electric motor, a permant =tly closed local loop containing in series the motor armature and resistance therefor and the motor field winding and resistance therefor, and electrically controlled means for automatically disconnecting said loop from the source of supply upon the occurrence of no-voltage and upon the occurrence of overload and for insuring that the field resistance'shall be in proper condition before starting the motor after the occurrence of either no-voltage or overload. ll. The combination with an electric motor, of an armature protective movable element, means for causing said element to 7 move to a protective position upon the occurrence of no-voltage and overload, and

insuring a proper field strength for the motor when the starting current is passed through the motor armature.

The combination with an electric motor. of 'an armature protective movable element, means for causing said' element to move to a protective position upon the occurrence of overload, and automatic electrically controlled means controlled by said element for insuring a'proper fieldstrength for the motor when the starting current is passed through the motor armature.

43. The combination with an electric motor, of an armature protective movable element, means for causing said element to move to a protective position upon the occurrence of novoltage and overload, and automatic electrically cont-rolled means controlled by said element for insuring, a proger field strength for, the motor when the starting current is passed through the motor armature. W

44. The combination of an electric motor, two functionally related automatic switches, said switches being connected in'series with each other and'with the armai'tureof said motor, a novoltage magnetic winding ener- 'gized independently of. the current through the motor armature or field winding for controlling atrlcast one of said switches, a field varying resistance, a contact devicelfor controlling the amount of said resistance in the field circuit, and means comprising "an clectro-rcsponsive winding for automatically controlling said contact device, said means being controlled by at least one of said switches. a

45. The combination of an electric motor having a shunt field winding, a contr olling automatic switch whose automatic movement is responsive to change of ele'ctromotive force at the terminals of the motor!- armature, means for varying the field ,strength of the motor for varying the speed of the motor, and electrical means controlled by said switch for insuring proper field strength of'tlie'motor "when the startingcurrent is passed through the motor armature.

46. The combination of two rheostat's connected in circuits in arallel with each other two automatic.swit'c es controlling both 0 13C in series the motor armature and resistance I winding and responsive to' novoltage, an

' electroresponsive means for rendering 1n-- 66 1 dition before starting the motor after the 'and normally energized independently of resistance is in a certain condition,

said circuits, and electro'responsive means depending upon the control of one of said rheostats for .controllingthe resistance in the other rheostat. 4

47. The combination of an electric motor, a permanently closed local loop containing therefor and the motor field winding and r'es'istance therefor, and electro responsive means for automatically disconnecting'said loop from the sourceo'f sup 1y upon the occurrence ofnovoltage and or insuring that the field resistance shall be in proper conoccurrence of novoltage, said electro responsive-means comprising a winding energized independentlyof the working current in the motor armature or field-windin 48. The combination of an electric motor, a starting resistance; the said starting resista nee having a spring actuated movable element, a magnet for-retaining said element in normal running position, sald'rnagnet being energized independently oft-he working current of the motor armature and field overload magnetic circuit breaker having. its switch pivotally connected with said ele ment, means for insuring that the said element will be in a protective position-when the circuit breaker is closed, a field rheostat for varying the speed of the motor, and means comprising electrical contact conneo-' tions for insuring a proper field strength-for the motor when t e starting current" is passed through the motor armature.

49. The combination of a motor starting rheostat having a movable element for gradually cutting out the resistance in series with the armature of the motor, means controlled by s'a'ltl element in its resistance all out position for connecting the fieldvwinding of the motor in circuit without including the starting'resistance, and a novoltage protective device controlling said element the current in the motor armature or'field windings.

50. The combinationof an electric motor having an armature winding and a field winding, and controlling means comprising two ICSlStflIlCCS for controlling the energy in said windings respectively, and comprising effective the control of one of said resistances when the circuit afiected by the other the said field winding being rotectively shunted under all conditions 0 control by a circuit for receiving inductive discharge.

"51. The'cmnbina tion of an electric motor having an arnmtm'o winding and a field Winding, controlling means comprising two resistances for controlling the energy in said two windings rwpmtively, and electroresponsive means for rendering the control of said resistances effective and ineffective, the said fieldwinding being protectively shunted under'all conditions of control by a circuit for receiving indfi ctive discharge.

, 52. A dynamo electric machine having a winding, said winding being protectively shunted under all conditions of-control by a circuit for receiving inductive discharge, manual means for controlling the energy in said winding, and electroresponsive means for rendering said controlling means effective and ineffective.

53. A dynamo electric machine having a field winding, said winding being protectively shunted under all conditions of control by a circuit for receiving inductive discharge, means for controlling the energy insaid field winding, and electroresponsive means for rendering said controlling means effective and ineffective.

' 54'. An electric motor having a field winding, said winding being protectively'slnmted under allconditions of control by a circuit for receiving inductive discharge, means for controlling the energy in said' field winding, and means for rendering the said controlling means effective and ineffective, said means comprising an electroresponsive device for rendering the control of said field winding effective.

', 5. A motor having a field winding, said 'windin being protectively shunted under all conditions of control by a circuit for receiving inductive discharge, means for controlling the current in said field winding, and means dependent upon the electrical conditions in the armature circuit of the motorfor affecting the said field winding controlling means. z

i 56. An electric motor having a field wind ing, said winding being protectively shunted under all conditions of control by a circuit for receiving inductive discharge, a controlling rheostat for the motor, an electrical contact device for controlling the operative effect of the resistance of said rheostat, and electrorespohsive means dependent upon the electrical conditions in the motor armature circuit tor automatically controlling said contact device and thereby controlling the operative effect of said resistance.

57'. An electric motor having a field winding, said windin being protectively shunted under all conditions of'control by a circuit a for receiving inductive discharge, a controlling field resistanee, electric contact means for establishing a shunt circuit in parallel with said resistance, and electrorespon'sive means forcont-rolling said contact means.

58. An electric motor having a field winding energized independently of its armature current, said winding being protectively shunted under all conditions of control by a, circuit for receiving inductive discharge,

tively shunted under all conditions .of con'-' trol by a circuit for receiving inductive discharge, manual means for controlling the field strength of'said machine, adev'i'ce for rendering said means ineffective, and electroresponsive means for rendering said first named means ellective under certain circuit conditions r c 61. Aii'electric motor havinga field winding, said winding being protectively shunted under all. conditions of control by a circuit for receiving. inductivedischarge, and controlling means, said means comprising means for controlling the field strength, a. device for rendering said field controlling means ineffective, and electroresponsive means for rendering saidfield controlling means eifece tive under certainelectrical conditlons.

62. "An electric motor, and controlling means therefor, saidmeans compg i s ing a pair of resistances, each of said resistances having contacts for varying'its effective resista'nce, and magnetically controlled electric contact means responsive to the counterolectromotive force of.the motor armature independently of the line e'lectromotive force for rendering effective the control of oneof said resistances.

(33. A motor starting and speed regulating apparatus comprisingfan armature resistance, a field resistance, and an elect-romagnet-ic device for' controlling the operative connection of said field resistance, said device being direictly'contifolled by the counterclectromotive'force of the motor armature independently of th'e line. electromotive force.

'electromotive force of the motor armature independently of the. line elcctromotive force. 7

65, Motor controlling mechanism comprising protective means, said means comprising two electric windings each responsive to nomeans comprising resistance, a no'-vol't-" age fwinding, an electroresponsive resistance controllmgw1nd1ng,the circuit of each of sa1d wlndmgs being in parallel with each "other with reference to the supply circuit,

and a common automatic meansv or controlhug the current 1n all of said windings.

(S7. A supply circuit and electric motor,

an armature resistance, a field resistance, an f electroresponsive windin controlling the effective operation of sait field resistance, a branch circuit containing the motor armature and armature resistance,- a second branch circuit containing a field'winding and a field resistance, a third branch circuit '-containing said electroresponsive winding, and an automatically movable circuit controllingzelement controlling the said three branch circuits.

"comprising a winding for controlling the field strength .of the motor, said circuit breaker controlling the circuit of the motor armatureiand field winding and also the cir- .cuit of said controlling winding.

69.- An electric motor having a field winding' energized independently of its .armature current, an automatic no-voltagmcircuit breaker, and automatic means comprising a windin for controlling the field strength of'the the circuit of the motor armature and said field winding and also the circuit of said controlling winding.

70.'An electric motor, two merhauicall) related independently inovahle automatic circuit-breakers in series witheacli 'other. and automatic means comprising a winding 68, An electric niotor,.an automatic over-- load clrci'n't breaker, and automatic 'n'ieans.

otor, saidcircuit breaker controlling for controlling the circuit of a field winding of the motor, said two circuit-breakers controlling the circuit of the motor-armature and the circuit of said first named winding. 71, An electric motor, and controlling means therefor, said .means comprising a magnetic winding connected! across the motor armature, anda movable. circuit c utrolling element controlled by said winding for controlling the circuit of afield winding of the motor.

72. An electric motor. a controlling resistance therefor, means responsive to an increase in volts upon the motor armature for rendering said resistance effective and responsive to a decrease in said volts for rendering said resistance ineiicctive, and an which controls the entire motor current and the current to said means.

73. An electric motor, controlling means therefor, electroresponsive means comprism an auxiliary circuit device for rendering said 'controlling means effective and ietfeo live, said electroresponsive means being responsive to electrical conditions in the motor armature circuit and establishing said auxiliary circuit for rendering said controlling means inefi'cct'ive, and circuit controlling means responsive to no-voltage and to overload and controlling the circuit to said motor and the circuit of said electroresponsive means.

74. All electric motor, a field controlling rcsis nice, and automatic short circuiting means for rendering said resistance effective and inelleclire, said means comprising a winding responsive to an electrical condition of the motor armature independently of the line clectromotive force.

75. An electric motor, a field cont-rolling resistance therefor, and a magnetic Winding connected directly in shuntabout the motor armature and responsive to the armature 'clectromotive lor'ce independently of the line clectromotive force for automatically controlling said field resistance.

76. An electric motor having a field Winding energized independently of its armature current, controlling means for increasing the voltage upon the motor armature and. for decreasing the voltage upon the motor field Winding, said means comprising an electroresponsive winding responsive to the counlcr-electromotive force of the motor for protectively controlling the circuit-containing the field Winding.

77. An electric motor, a supply circuit, controlling means comprising a, no-voltage winding and a responsive Winding for magnetically moving a circuit controlling element, four branch circuits" connected together containing respectively amotor armature Winding, a motor field winding. said no-voltage Winding and said responsive winding, and means for automatically disconnecting said four circuits from said supply circuit.

78. An electric motor, a constant electromotive force supply circuit, said motor hav ing a fieldnindmg permanent-1y connected With the motor armature in a local circuit, and means for protectively-afihcting the circuit of said field Winding upon no voltage and also until the counter volts of the motor have reached a certain amount while the motor armature is being accelerated.

'79. A constant electromotive force supply circuit. an electric motor having a field Winding, and means for electrically controlling the circuit of said Winding until the tain amount and for protecting the circuit of the motor armature upon novoltage and upon overload.

80. An electric motor, a field rhcostat,

electric contact means for short circuiting said rheostat- When .the starting current -is passed through the motor, automatic means for removing said short circuit during the acceleration of the motor, and a magnetic overload circuithrealrer, the switch of said circuit-breaker carrying the motor starting current and the opening of said switch cansing the automatic snort circuiting of said rheostat.

81. An electric motor, an armature resistance, a field resistance, means for rendering said field. resistance effective and ineffective, said means comprising an electric contact device adapted to shunt the field resistance, and a movable element for controllin the circuit of said armature resistance, said ele-' ment being automatically movable in response to overload. current through the navtor armature.

e 82. An electric motor having a. shunt field winding and an armature Winding permanently connected in a local circuit, field controlling mechanism therefor, armature controlling mechanism therefor, and electric means whereby said latter mechanism automatically controls saidformer mechanism to render said former mechanism efiective under certain electrical conditions.

83. An electric motor, an armature controlling resistance, a field controlling resistance, movable means for controlling said resistances, and independently movable electric means functionally relating said resistances for insuring a field of proper strength when the motor is started.

84. An electric motor, an armature controlling movable element, an electric Winding responsive to no-voltage functionally related therewith, a field. controlling movable element, and an electric winding responsive to no-voltage functionally related to said field controlling element, each of saidwindings being energized by current other than the current in the motor armature or field Winding.

85. An electric motor having an armature Winding and afield Winding, a field resistance for controlling the current in said field 86. An electric motor having an armature Winding and a field Winding, an armature resistance, a field controlling resistance, and

an electroresponsive winding for automatimlly-controll'mg said'field resistance, said volts u' on the motor armature reach a ceri armature resistance said field windin said n'eld controlling resistance, and said electrorcsponsive winding being permanently counectedin series in a closed local circuit.

87. In a controller for electric motors, the combination of an armature resistance, a field regulating resistance, a controlling member therefor, a pair of. contacts connected in a shunt circuir around said field resistance, and an electromagnetic winding connected across the motor armature, a

plunger mounted Within said Winding, and a switch carried by said plunger, said switch being adapted when in one position to bridge .saicl pair of contacts.

L R. SAGER, HENRY BEST, 

